Anime, also known as Japanimation, refers to hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan. The term “anime” is derived from the English word “animation,” and within Japan, it encompasses all forms of animated media. Outside of Japan, however, “anime” specifically denotes animation produced in Japan or a style heavily influenced by Japanese aesthetics—characterized by vibrant visuals, colorful graphics, expressive characters, and often fantastical themes. This broader cultural interpretation has led to the possibility that anime can be produced in countries beyond Japan.
The history of Japanese animation dates back to 1917 with some of the earliest commercial works. A distinct artistic style gained prominence in the 1960s through the works of Osamu Tezuka and became widely popular in the latter half of the 20th century, cultivating a large domestic and international following. Anime is disseminated through various channels—including theatrical releases, television broadcasts, direct-to-home media, and online streaming.
In addition to original productions, many anime are adaptations of manga (Japanese comics), light novels, or video games. Over time, animation techniques and production methods have evolved in response to technological advancements. As a multimedia art form, anime integrates graphic art, storytelling, cinematography, and innovative visual effects. Notably, the focus often shifts from purely fluid movement to detailed, realistic backgrounds and dynamic camera techniques such as panning, zooming, and angled shots.
Anime features diverse art styles, with character designs ranging from exaggerated proportions and large expressive eyes to more realistic appearances. It covers a wide array of genres aimed at both mainstream and niche audiences.
In cultural terms, a term has emerged in the United States—”wapanese,” originally used to describe white individuals who wish to emulate Japanese culture, and later evolved into “weeaboo,” denoting fans with a profound enthusiasm for Japanese anime and related subcultures.
